This was really interesting… I was just wondering where the “immersion” style sits with all of these? I’m learning French at the moment and have been for a year. I started from scratch, and from the second hour of the first class, all of my classes have been delivered in French, despite no one in the class knowing any French to begin with. The focus of the ideology behind the teaching seems to be in line with the first method you describe, in trying to make us think in the language and not have to translate (eventually), and we do lots of speaking and listening in normal situations, but there is also plenty of focus on grammatical forms and writing and reading.